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Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. [1] In psychology, the process of introspection relies on the observation of one's mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul. [2]
Naikan (Japanese: 内観, lit. ' introspection ') is a structured method of self-reflection developed by Yoshimoto Ishin (1916–1988) in the 1940s. [1] The practice is based around asking oneself three questions about a person in one's life: [2]
Self-reflection depends upon a range of functions, including introspection and metacognition, which develop from infancy through adolescence, affecting how individuals interact with others, and make decisions. [4] Self-reflection is related to the philosophy of consciousness, the topic of awareness, and the philosophy of mind. [5]
Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation, perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural ...
Introspection involves looking inwards and directly consulting our attitudes, feelings and thoughts for meaning. Consulting one's own thoughts and feelings can sometimes result in meaningful self-knowledge. The accuracy of introspection, however, has been called into question since the 1970s.
Various differences in behavioral characteristics are attributed to extraverts and introverts. According to one study, extraverts tend to wear more decorative clothing, whereas introverts prefer practical, comfortable clothes. [43] Extraverts are more likely to prefer more upbeat, conventional, and energetic music than introverts. [44]
Edward B. Titchener is credited for the theory of structuralism. It is considered to be the first "school" of psychology. [3] [4] Because he was a student of Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig, Titchener's ideas on how the mind worked were heavily influenced by Wundt's theory of voluntarism and his ideas of association and apperception (the passive and active combinations of elements ...
The introspection illusion is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly think they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating others' introspections as unreliable. The illusion has been examined in psychological experiments, and suggested as a basis for biases in how people compare themselves to others.