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Patulin is an organic compound classified as a polyketide. It is named after the fungus from which it was isolated, Penicillium patulum. It is a white powder soluble in acidic water and in organic solvents. It is a lactone that is heat-stable, so it is not destroyed by pasteurization or thermal denaturation. [2]
Penicillium expansum can be identified by its morphological characteristics and secondary metabolites in fruit or in axenic culture. [8] The presence of the secondary metabolite patulin can suggest P. expansum infection, but this method is not species-specific as a number of different Penicillium species and their allies produce patulin.
Penicillium expansum, a pathogen of apples and other fruit, produces patulin; Penicillium glabrum; Penicillium glaucum, a mold that is used in the making of some types of blue cheese, including Bleu de Gex, Rochebaron, and some varieties of Bleu d'Auvergne and Gorgonzola. Penicillium imranianum; Penicillium italicum, a Citrus pathogen
Patulin is a toxin produced by the P. expansum, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces fungal species. P. expansum is especially associated with a range of moldy fruits and vegetables, in particular rotting apples and figs. [22] [23] It is destroyed by the fermentation process and so is not found in apple beverages, such as cider.
Patulin is produced by many different molds but was first isolated as an antimicrobial active principle during the 1940s from Penicillium patulum (later called Penicillium urticae, now Penicillium griseofulvum). The same metabolite was also isolated from other species and given the names clavacin, claviformin, expansin, mycoin C, and penicidin ...
Penicillium lapidosum; Scientific classification; ... Penicillium lapidosum is an anamorph species of the genus of Penicillium which produces patulin. [1] [3] [4] [5 ...
Penicillium griseofulvum is a species of the genus of Penicillium which produces patulin, penifulvin A, cyclopiazonic acid, roquefortine C, shikimic acid, griseofulvin, [1] [2] and 6-Methylsalicylic acid (via a polyketide synthase).
Penicillium concentricum. Samson, Stolk & Hadlok 1976 [1] ... anamorph fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which produces roquefortine C and patulin. [1] [3 ...