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The surfaces of cancer cells often exhibit aberrant glycosylation, which serves to mediate cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor progression. However, because these glycans often differ from those present on healthy cells, they also serve as candidates to act as cancer biomarkers for use in diagnostics and in developing targeted therapies ...
Rather than oxidizing glucose for ATP production, glucose in cancer cells tends to be used for anabolic processes, such as ribose production, protein glycosylation and serine synthesis. This shift therefore demands that tumor cells implement an abnormally high rate of glucose uptake to meet their increased needs.
Modulating the pyrimidine metabolism pharmacologically has therapeutical uses, and could implement in cancer treatment. [10] Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors are used in active moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, as well as in multiple sclerosis.
No effective treatment is known for any of these disorders. 80% of these affect the nervous system. [citation needed] Acquired alterations: In this second group the main disorders are infectious diseases, autoimmune illnesses or cancer. In these cases, the changes in glycosylation are the cause of certain biological events.
O-linked glycosylation is the attachment of a sugar molecule to the oxygen atom of serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues in a protein. O -glycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs after the protein has been synthesised.
pyrimidine analogues – mimic the structure of metabolic pyrimidines, the smaller bases incorporated into DNA as cytosine and thymine. Examples: 5-Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine, and Cytarabine; nucleoside analogues – nucleoside alternatives that consist of a nucleic acid analogue and a sugar. This means these are the same bases as above, but ...
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. [1] It is an application of the fundamental research of cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) and a growing subspecialty of oncology.
There can be many years between promising laboratory work and the availability of an effective anti-cancer drug: Monroe Eliot Wall discovered anti-cancer properties in Camptotheca in 1958, but it was not until 1996 – after further research and rounds of clinical trials – that topotecan, a synthetic derivative of a chemical in the plant, was ...