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Deadweight tonnage is a measure of a vessel's weight carrying capacity, not including the empty weight of the ship. It is distinct from the displacement (weight of water displaced), which includes the ship's own weight, or the volumetric measures of gross tonnage or net tonnage (and the legacy measures gross register tonnage and net register tonnage).
Neither gross tonnage nor gross register tonnage should be confused with measures of mass or weight such as deadweight tonnage or displacement. Gross tonnage, along with net tonnage, was defined by the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1969, and came into ...
Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping.The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship.
Lightweight displacement – LWD – The weight or mass of the ship excluding cargo, fuel, ballast, stores, passengers, and crew, but with water in the boilers to steaming level. Loadline displacement – The weight or mass of the ship loaded to the load line or plimsoll mark. Deadweight tonnage (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can ...
Depending on design requirements, some ships have extremely large internal volumes in order to serve their duties. Gross tonnage is a monotonic and 1-to-1 function of the ship's internal structural volume. It does not include removable objects placed outside the deck or superstructure, like the shipping containers of a container ship.
This is offset by their efficiency. Comparing a ship's carrying capacity in terms of deadweight tonnage to its weight when empty is one way to measure its efficiency. [4] A small Handymax ship can carry five times its weight. [4] In larger designs, this efficiency is even more pronounced: Capesize vessels can carry more than eight times their ...
Tonnage and displacement Gross tonnage and displacement are not equivalent and vary depending on the type of ton (e.g. metric or imperial) and how they are calculated. How gross tonnage is calculated has changed somewhat over time, but has always been a measure of cargo space (i.e., it is a measure of the volume of the cargo space), and figures ...
The combined deadweight tonnage of container ships and general cargo ships, which also often carry containers, represents 21.8% of the world's fleet. [ 58 ] As of 2009 [update] , the average age of container ships worldwide was 10.6 years, making them the youngest general vessel type, followed by bulk carriers at 16.6 years, oil tankers at 17 ...