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TMoA is classified as a non-fluent aphasia that is characterized by a significantly reduced output of speech, but good auditory comprehension. [1] Auditory comprehension skills remain intact because the arcuate fasciculus and Wernicke's area are not impaired. [1]
Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. [2] Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the ear, but cannot process the information they hear in the same way as others do, which leads to difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds, especially the sounds composing speech.
The Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) classifies individuals based on their scores on the subtests; spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, and naming. [8] The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) can inform users what specific type of aphasia they may have, infer the location of lesion, and assess current language abilities.
Many children or adults with selective mutism have some auditory processing difficulties. About 20–30% of children or adults with selective mutism have speech or language disorders that add stress to situations in which the child is expected to speak. [19] In the DSM-4, the term “elective mutism” was changed to “selective mutism.”
An AAC user indicates a series of numbers on an eye gaze communication board in order to convey a word. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) encompasses the communication methods used to supplement or replace speech or writing for those with impairments in the production or comprehension of spoken or written language.
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized as a fluent aphasia. Fluency is determined by direct qualitative observation of the patient’s speech to determine the length of spoken phrases, and is usually characterized by a normal or rapid rate; normal phrase length, rhythm, melody, and articulatory agility; and normal or paragrammatic speech. [5]