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The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
When the Ecological Society of America (ESA) was chartered in 1915, it already had a conservation perspective. [104] Victor E. Shelford, a leader in the society's formation, had as one of its goals the preservation of the natural areas that were then the objects of study by ecologists, but were in danger of being degraded by human incursion. [105]
E. O. Wilson defined sociobiology as "the extension of population biology and evolutionary theory to social organization". [6]Sociobiology is based on the premise that some behaviors (social and individual) are at least partly inherited and can be affected by natural selection. [7]
The founder of experimental biology and the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies. [57] Population genetics: Ronald A. Fisher, Sewall Wright, J. B. S. Haldane [58] Protozoology: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) [9] First to produce precise, correct descriptions ...
Herbert Spencer coined the phrase "survival of the fittest", he was an early founder of sociology where he developed the idea of society as an organism, and he created an early precedent for the socio-ecological approach that was the subsequent aim and link between sociology and human ecology. [1] [14] [15]
Distinguished Men of Science. [1] Use the cursor to see who is who. [2]The 19th century in science saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell, [3] which soon replaced the older term of (natural) philosopher.
It is the second stage in the history of hybridity, characterized by literature and theory that study the effects of mixture (hybridity) upon identity and culture. The principal theorists of hybridity are Homi Bhabha , Néstor García Canclini , Stuart Hall , Gayatri Spivak , and Paul Gilroy , whose works respond to the multi-cultural awareness ...
When Two Worlds Collide: Society and Ecology. ISBN 0-9597948-3-2; Eckersley, R. 1992. Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an Ecocentric Approach. State University of New York Press. Hettinger, Ned and Throop, Bill 1999. Refocusing Ecocentrism: De-emphasizing Stability and Defending Wilderness. Environmental Ethics 21: 3-21.