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Aside from regular judges, there exist Hakim Ad hoc or Ad hoc Judges, retired judges who have the judicial experience and skill to be appointed and assigned to hear cases in chambers for a certain period of times. [18]
Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
IKAHI was established in 1953 in order to defend the interests of Indonesian judges on topics such as salary and judicial independence from the executive branch. [3] The association's founding is credited to Suryadi, the third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia, as he was the first person to begin organizing district judges in 1952. [4]
Today, Indonesia's legal system is based on Dutch Colonial Law, Adat Law and National Law. [3] [4] After Indonesia gained independence in August 1945, it adopted the Dutch HIR as its code of criminal procedure. In 1981, Indonesia replaced HIR with the KUHAP. The KUHAP improved upon the HIR by adding adversarial features to the criminal procedure.
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As regulated by the 1985 Supreme Court Act (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia) [1] and has since amended twice in 2004 [2] and 2009, [4] the Supreme Court's leadership consists of a Chief Justice, two Deputy Chief Justices, and several (currently seven) Chamber Presidents.
Hilman explained the purpose of the land, and without further ado, the governor and the landowners agreed on a price. Hilman offered slightly more than had been offered before, so owners could concede without a losing face. Hilman accepted the fact that the costs were four million guilders more than the government had expected. [8]
Artidjo Alkostar (22 May 1948 – 28 February 2021) was an Indonesian lawyer, judge and legal academic. He served as a Supreme Court Judge and Chairman of the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, where he was famous for his verdicts that tended to increase sentences for convicted corruption cases and the dissenting opinions he issued in several major cases. [1]