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From 10 to 24 May 1943, ten convoys passed through the mid-Atlantic. Six of the 370 ships were sunk; three were stragglers. Thirteen U-boats were sunk; four by warships, seven by aircraft, and two shared. [137] By 24 May, when Dönitz conceded defeat and withdrew the surviving crews from the field of battle, they had already lost 33 U-boats.
During the interwar years the German Navy was forbidden to have U-boats but began to re-arm in 1935. Under Karl Dönitz as FdU developed co-ordinated attack tactics based on Bauer's plan and his own experience and trials of the new tactics in 1936 proved successful.
In May 1943, U-boat strength reached its peak, with 240 operational U-boats of which 118 were at sea, yet the sinking of Allied ships continued to decline. [2] May 1943 also had the greatest losses suffered by U-boats up to that time, with 41 being destroyed, 25 per cent of the operational U-boats. [3]
Any hypothetical U-boats would generally support the main fleet rather than embark on a commerce-raiding campaign, and any raiding would be done strictly according to cruiser rules. [14] This view remained the established orthodoxy until the mid-1930s, when then-Kapitän zur See (Captain at Sea) Karl Dönitz came to command the U-boat arm. [15]
ONS 18 and ON 202 were North Atlantic convoys of the ONS/ON series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.They were the subject of a major U-boat attack in September 1943, the first battle in the Kriegsmarine ' s autumn offensive, following the withdrawal from the North Atlantic route after Black May.
A number of U-boats disposed of were not in commission; some had not yet been commissioned, some had been decommissioned. The discrepancies are mainly accounted for depending on whether these are included or not. Most sources [7] give a number of U–boats scuttled at the end of the war, and describe the Regenbogen order
In September 1942, off the coast of West Africa in the Atlantic Ocean, the German vessels—among them U-156, U-506 and U-507—attempting to rescue survivors of the ocean liner RMS Laconia were indiscriminately attacked by American aircraft, despite having informed the Allies of the rescued Allied soldiers on board—along with many women and ...
The 1st U-boat flotilla (German 1.Unterseebootsflottille) also known as the Weddigen flotilla, was the first operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine (navy). ). Founded on 27 September 1935 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Karl Dönitz, [1] it was named in honor of Kapitänleutnant Otto Wedd