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Fusarium wilt is a common vascular wilt fungal disease, exhibiting symptoms similar to Verticillium wilt. This disease has been investigated extensively since the early years of this century. The pathogen that causes Fusarium wilt is Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). [1] The species is further divided into formae speciales based on host plant.
Fusarium spp. Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Diplodia gossypina Botryosphaeria rhodina [teleomorph] = Physalospora rhodina Phytophthora spp. Rhizoctonia solani. Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina. Escobilla Colletotrichum gossypii Glomerella gossypii [teleomorph] Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. Leaf spot Alternaria macrospora
The symptoms are similar to most wilts with a few specifics to Verticillium. Wilt itself is the most common symptom, with wilting of the stem and leaves occurring due to the blockage of the xylem vascular tissues and therefore reduced water and nutrient flow.
Fusarium (/ f j u ˈ z ɛər i əm /; Audio: ⓘ) is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes , and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community.
Verticillium wilt affects over 300 species of eudicot plants caused by one of two species of Verticillium fungus, V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum. Many economically important plants are susceptible including cotton, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers and ornamentals, as well as others in natural vegetation communities. [citation needed]
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are conducive. S. sclerotiorum can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight.
These diverse and adaptable fungi have been found in soils ranging from the Sonoran Desert, to tropical and temperate forest, grasslands and soils of the tundra. [10] F. oxysporum strains are ubiquitous soil inhabitants that have the ability to exist as saprophytes, and degrade lignin [11] [12] and complex carbohydrates [13] [14] [1] associated with soil debris.
The disease that this pathogen causes is fusarium yellows or fusarium wilt. [2] Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. betae is a type of fungus whose spores survive in the soil. [2] The symptoms of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. betae are yellowing between the large veins, chlorosis, wilting, and necrosis of leaves. [2]