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Thyroid hormones act on nearly every cell in the body. They act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. [12]
Thyroid peroxidase, also called thyroperoxidase (TPO), thyroid specific peroxidase or iodide peroxidase, is an enzyme expressed mainly in the thyroid where it is secreted into colloid. Thyroid peroxidase oxidizes iodide ions to form iodine atoms for addition onto tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin for the production of thyroxine (T 4 ) or ...
The active forms of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4), are then released into circulation where they are either unbound or attached to plasma proteins. [10] Iodine is recycled back into the follicular lumen where it can continue to serve as a substrate for thyroid hormone synthesis, while the non-modified residues of Tg reenter cellular metabolic ...
Unlike the Wolff–Chaikoff effect, the Plummer effect does not prevent the thyroid from taking up radioactive iodine, e.g. in the case of nuclear emergencies.Therefore, "plummering" with high-dose iodine is only effective in a short time window after the release of radionuclides. [9]
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DIT is a modulator of the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (which is involved in the production of thyroid hormones). [1] Triiodothyronine is formed, when diiodotyrosine is combined with monoiodotyrosine (in the colloid of the thyroid follicle). Two molecules of DIT combine to make the thyroid hormone thyroxine ('T4' and 'T3').
Thyroid hormone synthesis. [2]Follicular cells take up iodide and amino acids from the blood circulation on the basolateral side, synthesize thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase from amino acids and secrete these into the thyroid follicles together with iodide.
Decreased number of finished thyroid hormone molecules. Each thyroglobulin molecule contains approximately 100-120 tyrosyl residues. However, because only a small number (>20) of these tyrosine residues are subject to iodination by [[thy... 07:00, 30 June 2015: 826 × 517 (1.14 MB) Mikael Häggström +MCT: 07:41, 17 June 2011: 826 × 517 (1.14 MB)