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Anusvara (Sanskrit: अनुस्वार, IAST: anusvāra, IPA: [ɐn̪usʋaːrɐh, ənʊswaːr]), also known as Bindu (Hindi: बिंदु, IPA: [bin̪d̪uː]), is a symbol used in many Indic scripts to mark a type of nasal sound, typically transliterated ṃ or ṁ in standards like ISO 15919 and IAST. Depending on its location in the ...
Max Muller's 1866 anusvara transliterations. The original precursor to the Hunterian system was a transliteration method developed by Charles Wilkins, who is sometimes called the "father of Devanagari typography" because he was also the creator of the first Devanagari typeface.
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Chandrabindu (IAST: candrabindu, lit. ' moon dot ' in Sanskrit) is a diacritic sign with the form of a dot inside the lower half of a circle. It is used in the Devanagari (ँ), Bengali-Assamese (ঁ), Gujarati (ઁ), Odia (ଁ), Tamil ( 𑌁 Extension used from Grantha), Telugu (ఁ), Kannada ( ಁ), Malayalam ( ഁ), Sinhala ( ඁ), Javanese ( ꦀ) and other scripts.
It is a special consonant letter, different from a "normal" consonant letter, in that it is never followed by an inherent vowel or another vowel. In general, an anusvara at the end of a word in an Indian language is transliterated as ṁ in ISO 15919, but a Malayalam anusvara at the end of a word is transliterated as m without a dot.
Anusvara and visarga are also used. In the relevant Tai languages, a short vowel in an open syllable includes an underlyinɡ ɡlottal stop. Additional short vowels not shown above may be synthesised from the corresponding long vowel by appending visarga for open syllables (as shown for Vo) or applying mai sat ( ) for closed syllables (as shown ...
In the Burmese script, the visarga (variously called ရှေ့ကပေါက် shay ga pauk, ဝစ္စနစ်လုံးပေါက် wizza nalone pauk, or ရှေ့ဆီး shay zi and represented with two dots to the right of the letter as း), when joined to a letter, creates the high tone.
Moore, Lisa (2013-06-12), "Consensus 135-C19", UTC #135 Minutes, Accept U+1137D GRANTHA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE for encoding in a future version of the standard, with properties as given in L2/13-061.