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The medical model of deafness originates from medical, social welfare and majority cultural notions of the absence of the ability to hear as being an illness or a physical disability. It stems from a more comprehensive and far-reaching medical model of disability. [2]
Disability in mobility can be a congenital or acquired problem or a consequence of disease. People who have a broken skeletal structure also fall into this category. Visual impairment is another type of physical impairment. There are hundreds of thousands of people with minor to various serious vision injuries or impairments.
For example, a plane passenger who is deaf may be unable to hear verbal instructions given by a flight attendant. It is for this reason that travelers with a hidden disability are advised to inform the airline of their need for accommodations before their flight. One such passenger wrote in The Globe and Mail that: [7]
A specific physical disability or communication disorder can be more easily diagnosed. Loss of previously normal speech can be due to accidents, disease, or surgical complication; it is rarely for psychological reasons. Treatment or management also varies by cause and this can often determined after a speech assessment. [4]
The International Symbol for Deafness is used to identify facilities with hearing augmentation services, especially assistive listening devices. [4]In a medical context, deafness is defined as a degree of hearing difference such that a person is unable to understand speech, even in the presence of amplification. [1]
Disability abuse happens when a person is abused physically, financially, verbally or mentally due to the person having a disability. As many disabilities are not visible (for example, asthma, learning disabilities) some abusers cannot rationalize the non-physical disability with a need for understanding, support, and so on. [94] [95]
Guidelines for clinical diagnosis are given in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases 9th edition. Special needs can range from people with autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, dyslexia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, blindness, deafness, ADHD, and cystic fibrosis.
The most common type of congenital hearing loss in developed countries is DFNB1, also known as connexin 26 deafness or GJB2-related deafness. The most common dominant syndromic forms of hearing loss include Stickler syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome. The most common recessive syndromic forms of hearing loss are Pendred syndrome and Usher syndrome.