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According to the Siddha system of traditional medicine (Tamil: சித்த மருத்துவம், citta maruttuvam) of ancient India, the human body is composed of 96 tattvas (also thathuvas) [1] or basic principles. Siddha medicine was derived by Tamil Siddhas or the spiritual scientists of Tamil Nadu. [2]
The temple structure resembles the human body with all its subtleties. [3] [4] The five walls encircling one another are the koshas (sheaths) of human existence. [5] The outermost is the Annamaya kosha, symbolizing the material body. [5] The second is Pranamaya kosha, symbolizing the sheath of vital force or prana (breath). [5]
Human body is composed of five elements, states the Garbha Upanishad. [3] [11] Whatever is hard in the body is constituted of earth, whatever is liquid is of water, what is warm is from fire, what moves in the body derives from the essence of air, and the hollow in the body is the essence of space. [7]
The text asserts that the human body is a composite of elements from earth, water, air, space (akash), and energy (agni, fire); and that the human soul is "the lord of the [human] body". [5] It then describes how human sensory organs arise from these, how functions such as human will, doubt, memory, intellect, copulation, speech, anger, fear ...
The same Upanishad also mentions, "When earth, water, fire, air and aether arise, when the five attributes of the elements, mentioned in the books on yoga, become manifest then the yogi's body becomes purified by the fire of yoga and they are free from illness, old age and death." (Verse 2.12). [6]
A kosha (also kosa; Sanskrit कोश, IAST: kośa), usually rendered "sheath", is a covering of the Atman, or Self according to Vedantic philosophy. The five sheaths, summarised with the term Panchakosha, are described in the Taittiriya Upanishad (2.1-5), [1] [2] and they are often visualised as the layers of an onion. [3]
Life enters the body, states the Prashna Upanishad, by the act of mind. It governs the body by delegating work to other organs, sage Pippalada continues in verse 3.4, each specialized to do its own work independent of the other powers, just like a king commands his ministers to govern functions in the villages in his kingdom. [40]
The Upanishad describes the human body to be Sri Yantra (Sri chakra), by mapping each part of the body to the chakra. [1] It asserts that the Shakti is the Atman (soul) within. The text is notable for its emphasis on Antaryaga (internal worship) in contrast to external rituals and offerings. [18]