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Watt-hours [Wh] 1 × 10 −12: 1.162 Wh ≈ 1 food calorie (large calorie, kcal), which is the approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius at a pressure of one atmosphere. 1 × 10 −9: 1.162 kWh Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a ...
One square metre of the Earth receives about 1.4 kilojoules of solar radiation every second in full daylight. [20] A human in a sprint has approximately 3 kJ of kinetic energy, [21] while a cheetah in a 122 km/h (76 mph) sprint has approximately 20 kJ. [22] One watt-hour, of electricity or any other form of energy, is 3.6 kJ. megajoule
kT (also written as k B T) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k B), and the temperature, T.This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E ...
Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI unit Dimension Temperature gradient: No standard symbol K⋅m −1: ΘL −1: Thermal conduction rate, thermal current, thermal/heat flux, thermal power transfer
(Note - the relation between pressure, volume, temperature, and particle number which is commonly called "the equation of state" is just one of many possible equations of state.) If we know all k+2 of the above equations of state, we may reconstitute the fundamental equation and recover all thermodynamic properties of the system.
The rate of heat flow is the amount of heat that is transferred per unit of time in some material, usually measured in watts (joules per second). Heat is the flow of thermal energy driven by thermal non-equilibrium, so the term 'heat flow' is a redundancy (i.e. a pleonasm).
In general, proteins have lower energy densities (≈16 kJ/g) than carbohydrates (≈17 kJ/g), whereas fats provide much higher energy densities (≈38 kJ/g), [8] 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 times as much energy. Fats contain more carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds than carbohydrates or proteins, yielding higher energy density. [ 9 ]
A unit increment of one kelvin is exactly 1.8 times one degree Rankine; thus, to convert a specific temperature on the Kelvin scale to the Rankine scale, x K = 1.8 x °R, and to convert from a temperature on the Rankine scale to the Kelvin scale, x °R = x /1.8 K. Consequently, absolute zero is "0" for both scales, but the melting point of ...