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Reduced forward movement of bowel contents results in a build up of pressure within the part of the bowel just before the site of obstruction. This increased pressure may prevent blood flow from reaching the bowel wall, resulting in bowel ischemia (lack of blood flow), necrosis, and eventually perforation. [5]
Depending on the level of obstruction, bowel obstruction can present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and constipation.Bowel obstruction may be complicated by dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities due to vomiting; respiratory compromise from pressure on the diaphragm by a distended abdomen, or aspiration of vomitus; bowel ischemia or perforation from prolonged distension or ...
Intussusception is an emergency requiring rapid treatment. [1] Treatment in children is typically by an enema with surgery used if this is not successful. [1] Dexamethasone may decrease the risk of another episode. [2] In adults, surgical removal of part of the bowel is more often required. [1] Intussusception occurs more commonly in children ...
The bowel may be perforated. [4] Gas within the abdominal cavity seen on CT is understood to be a diagnostic sign of bowel perforation ; however intra-abdominal air can also be caused by pneumothorax (air in the pleural cavity outside the lungs that has escaped from the respiratory system ) or pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum , the ...
Perforated ulcer; Other names: Ruptured ulcer: Endoscopic image of a posterior wall duodenal ulcer with a clean base, which is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and could potentially lead to perforation. Specialty: Gastroenterology Symptoms: Abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea: Complications: Bowel perforation, sepsis ...
Perforation of bowel (most commonly transverse colon) leading to peritonitis; Puncture of the left lobe of the liver leading to liver capsule pain; Gastrocolic fistula: this may be suspected if diarrhea appears a short time after feeding. In this case, the feed goes direct from stomach to colon (usually transverse colon) [13] Gastric separation
Abdominal radiography will show many air-fluid levels, as well as widespread edema. Acute ischemic abdomen is a surgical emergency. Typically, treatment involves removal of the region of the bowel that has undergone infarction, and subsequent anastomosis of the remaining healthy tissue. [5]
Those with severe ischemia who develop complications such as sepsis, intestinal gangrene, or bowel perforation may require more aggressive interventions such as surgery and intensive care. Most patients make a full recovery; occasionally, after severe ischemia, patients may develop long-term complications such as a stricture [7] or chronic ...