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In the 1980s, the terms global warming and climate change became more common, often being used interchangeably. [29] [30] [31] Scientifically, global warming refers only to increased surface warming, while climate change describes both global warming and its effects on Earth's climate system, such as precipitation changes. [28]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 March 2025. Gas in an atmosphere with certain absorption characteristics This article is about the physical properties of greenhouse gases. For how human activities are adding to greenhouse gases, see Greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases trap some of the heat that results when sunlight heats the ...
Some climate change effects: wildfire caused by heat and dryness, bleached coral caused by ocean acidification and heating, environmental migration caused by desertification, and coastal flooding caused by storms and sea level rise. Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall ...
Warming and cooling of air are well balanced, on average, so that the atmosphere maintains a roughly stable average temperature. [46]: 139 [63] Effect on surface cooling: Longwave radiation flows both upward and downward due to absorption and emission in the atmosphere. These canceling energy flows reduce radiative surface cooling (net upward ...
Water vapour does contribute to anthropogenic global warming, but as the GWP is defined, it is negligible for H 2 O: an estimate gives a 100-year GWP between -0.001 and 0.0005. [27] H 2 O can function as a greenhouse gas because it has a profound infrared absorption spectrum with more and broader absorption bands than CO 2. Its concentration in ...
About 40% of human-caused emissions are from agriculture, [11] [12] as nitrogen fertilisers are digested into nitrous oxide by soil micro-organisms. [13] As the third most important greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide substantially contributes to global warming. [14] [15] Reduction of emissions is an important goal in the politics of climate change. [16]
Nitrogen fertilizer can be converted by soil bacteria to nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas. [56] Nitrous oxide emissions by humans, most of which are from fertilizer, between 2007 and 2016 have been estimated at 7 million tonnes per year, [57] which is incompatible with limiting global warming to below 2 °C. [58]
NO x does not include nitrous oxide (N 2 O), [1] a fairly inert oxide of nitrogen that contributes less severely to air pollution, notwithstanding its involvement in ozone depletion [4] and high global warming potential.