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Rhizophora is a genus of tropical mangrove trees, sometimes collectively called true mangroves. The most notable species is the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) but some other species and a few natural hybrids are known. Rhizophora species generally live in intertidal zones which are inundated daily by the ocean.
Rhizophora mangle, also known as the red mangrove, [1] is a salt-tolerant, small-to-medium sized evergreen tree restricted to coastal, estuarine ecosystems along the southern portions of North America, the Caribbean as well as Central America and tropical West Africa. [2]
Bruguiera is the basal genus and Rhizophora the most derived genus in the tribe. [3] Rhizophora is the only pan-tropical genus that is distributed along the intertidal zones of both the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) and Atlantic-East Pacific (AEP) regions. [5] The remaining mangrove genera are restricted to the IWP region. [5]
About 110 species are considered mangroves, in the sense of being trees that grow in such a saline swamp, [19] though only a few are from the mangrove plant genus, Rhizophora. However, a given mangrove swamp typically features only a small number of tree species. It is not uncommon for a mangrove forest in the Caribbean to feature only three or ...
Bruguiera gymnorhiza, the large-leafed orange mangrove or oriental mangrove, [3]) is a mangrove tree that grows usually to 7–20 metres (23–66 ft) high, but sometimes up to 35m, that belongs to the family Rhizophoraceae. It is found on the seaward side of mangrove swamps, often in the company of Rhizophora.
The most extensive mangrove forests of the Ryukyu Islands in East China Sea occur on Iriomote Island of the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, Japan. [40] Seven types of mangroves are recognised on Iriomote Island. [41] The northern limit of mangrove forests in the Indomalaya Ecozone is considered to be Tanegashima Island, Kyushu, Japan. [42]
Rhizophora stylosa, the spotted mangrove, [4] red mangrove, small stilted mangrove or stilt-root mangrove, [5] is a small to medium-sized evergreen [6] tree in the family Rhizophoraceae. The specific epithet stylosa is from the Latin meaning 'stylus form', referring to the flower.
The most common mangrove tree species in Rhizophora mangle, which dominates estuaries that are most exposed to the ocean. [5] Rhizophora mangle reaches 25 metres (82 ft) in height. [1] Rhizophora racemosa is less common, found only in Pará only in Marajó Bay, as is Rhizophora harrisonii, intermediate in salt tolerance between these two.