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Histological examination of the skin lesions reveals infiltrating lymphocytes most of which are T cells and a minority of which are NK- or B- cells. [25] In the skin lesions, EBV occurs primarily in the T cells [1] and to a lesser extent NK cells. [16] Marker studies indicate that the EBV in these cells is in latency phase II. [1]
Herpes gladiatorum is one of the most infectious of herpes-caused diseases, and is transmissible by skin-to-skin contact. The disease was first described in the 1960s in the New England Journal of Medicine. It is caused by contagious infection with human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), [1] which more commonly causes oral herpes (cold sores).
During immunodeficiency, herpes simplex can cause unusual lesions in the skin. One of the most striking is the appearance of clean linear erosions in skin creases, with the appearance of a knife cut. [23] Herpetic sycosis is a recurrent or initial herpes simplex infection affecting primarily the hair follicles.
In one dermatologic study, 33 skin biopsies were performed and HHV-7 was found at higher rates in lichen planus lesions. Remission of lichen planus was also associated with lower levels of HHV-7. [18] HHV-7 was also detected in 79.3% of cervical tissue examined, indicating that sexual contact may be a route of transmission for HHV-7. [19]
Genital herpes is a herpes infection of the genitals caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). [1] Most people either have no or mild symptoms and thus do not know they are infected. [ 1 ] When symptoms do occur, they typically include small blisters that break open to form painful ulcers . [ 1 ]
Symptoms, when they occur, may include watery blisters in the skin of any location of the body, or in mucous membranes of the mouth, lips, nose, genitals, [1] or eyes (herpes simplex keratitis). [7] Lesions heal with a scab characteristic of herpetic disease. Sometimes, the viruses cause mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition associated with several viral infections, that appears with red patches evolving into target lesions, typically on both hands. It is typically associated with infection by either herpes simplex virus or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. [1] [2] [3]
About 90% of cases of herpes encephalitis are caused by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the same virus that causes cold sores. According to a 2006 estimate, 57% of American adults were infected with HSV-1, [ 3 ] which is spread through droplets, casual contact and sometimes sexual contact, though most infected people never have cold sores.