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The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
Aristotle's biology is the theory of biology, grounded in systematic observation and collection of data, mainly zoological, embodied in Aristotle's books on the science. Many of his observations were made during his stay on the island of Lesbos , including especially his descriptions of the marine biology of the Pyrrha lagoon, now the Gulf of ...
A 1930s exhibit by the Eugenics Society.Some of the signs read "Healthy and Unhealthy Families", "Heredity as the Basis of Efficiency" and "Marry Wisely".Eugenics (/ j uː ˈ dʒ ɛ n ɪ k s / yoo-JEN-iks; from Ancient Greek εύ̃ (eû) ' good, well ' and -γενής (genḗs) ' born, come into being, growing/grown ') [1] is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic ...
Frank Lewis Marsh coined the term baramin in his book Fundamental Biology (1941) and expanded on the concept in Evolution, Creation, and Science (c. 1944), in which he stated that the ability to hybridize and create viable offspring was a sufficient condition for being members of the same baramin.
1802 – The term biology in its modern sense was propounded independently by Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur) and Lamarck (Hydrogéologie). The word was coined in 1800 by Karl Friedrich Burdach. 1809 – Lamarck proposed a modern theory of evolution based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
William Bateson (8 August 1861 – 8 February 1926) was an English biologist who was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns.
The theory of evolution in its current form affects almost all areas of biology. [216] Implications of evolution on fields outside of pure science have led to both opposition and support from different parts of society, and profoundly influenced the popular understanding of "man's place in the universe".
Darwin's theory of adaptation through natural selection was accused of being tautological. [47] Questions were raised over whether ecosystems were cybernetic [48] and whether ecosystem theory was of any use in application to environmental management. [49] Most vituperative of all was the debate that arose over MacArthur-style ecology.