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  2. Agriculture in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Middle_Ages

    The agricultural practices there involved the near elimination of fallow land by planting cover crops such as vetch, beans, turnips, spurry, and broom and high-value crops such as rapeseed, madder and hops. As opposed to the extensive agriculture of medieval times, this new technique involved intensive cultivation of small plots of land.

  3. Economics of English agriculture in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_English...

    The economics of English agriculture in the Middle Ages is the economic history of English agriculture from the Norman invasion in 1066, to the death of Henry VII in 1509. England's economy was fundamentally agricultural throughout the period, though even before the invasion the market economy was important to producers.

  4. Open-field system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Field_System

    This area was the main grain-growing region (as opposed to pastoral farming) in medieval times. The population in Europe grew in the early centuries of the open-field system, doubling in Britain between 1086 and 1300, which required increased agricultural production and more intensive cultivation of farmland. [15]

  5. Economy of England in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_England_in_the...

    Ploughmen at work with oxen. Agriculture formed the bulk of the English economy at the time of the Norman invasion. [16] Twenty years after the invasion, 35% of England was covered in arable land, 25% was put to pasture, 15% was covered by woodlands and the remaining 25% was predominantly moorland, fens and heaths. [17]

  6. Agriculture in Scotland in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland_in...

    Map of available land in early medieval Scotland. [1]Scotland is roughly half the size of England and Wales and has approximately the same amount of coastline, but only between a fifth and a sixth of the amount of the arable or good pastoral land, under 60 metres above sea level, and most of this is located in the south and east.

  7. Three-field system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-field_system

    With more crops available to sell and agriculture dominating the economy at the time, the three-field system created a significant surplus and increased economic prosperity. [3] The three-field system needed more plowing of land and its introduction coincided with the adoption of the moldboard plow. These parallel developments complemented each ...

  8. Peasant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasant

    The open field system of agriculture dominated most of Europe during medieval times and endured until the nineteenth century in many areas. Under this system, peasants lived on a manor presided over by a lord or a bishop of the church. Peasants paid rent or labor services to the lord in exchange for their right to cultivate the land.

  9. History of agriculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture

    Though the limitations of medieval farming were once thought to have provided a ceiling for the population growth in the Middle Ages, recent studies have shown that the technology of medieval agriculture was always sufficient for the needs of the people under normal circumstances, [155] [156] and that it was only during exceptionally harsh ...