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An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . [ 2 ]
Infectious disease: IED Intermittent explosive disorder: IFAP syndrome Ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia syndrome: IHA Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism: INAD Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: IP Incontinentia pigmenti: IRD Infantile Refsum disease: IS Infantile spasm: ITP Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Chin J. B., ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. APHA [American Public Health Association] Press; 2000. ISBN 978-0-87553-189-2; Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 2009. American Academy of Pediatrics. 28th ed. ISBN 978-1-58110-306-9; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Works 24/7 ...
In the modern-day, the term has sometimes been broadened to encompass any communicable or infectious disease. Often the word can only be understood in context, where it is used to emphasize very infectious, easily transmitted, or especially severe communicable diseases. In 1849, John Snow first proposed that cholera was a contagious disease.
The agents of communicable diseases are invaders; non-communicable diseases constitute internal insurrection or civil war. Because the threat is urgent, perhaps a matter of life and death, unthinkably radical, even oppressive, measures are society's and the patient's moral duty as they courageously mobilize to struggle against destruction.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes A00-B99 within Chapter I: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases should be included in this category. Infectious diseases are diseases caused by biological agents, which can be transmitted to others, rather than by genetic, physical or chemical agents.
Smallpox is the first disease, and so far the only infectious disease of humans, to be eradicated by deliberate intervention. [6] It became the first disease for which there was an effective vaccine in 1798 when Edward Jenner showed the protective effect of inoculation ( vaccination ) of humans with material from cowpox lesions.
Diseases in humans that are caused by infectious agents are known as pathogenic diseases. Not all diseases are caused by pathogens, such as black lung from exposure to the pollutant coal dust , genetic disorders like sickle cell disease , and autoimmune diseases like lupus .