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  2. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    Five nucleobases—adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)—are called primary or canonical. They function as the fundamental units of the genetic code, with the bases A, G, C, and T being found in DNA while A, G, C, and U are found in RNA. Thymine and uracil are distinguished by merely the presence or absence of a ...

  3. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    Building blocks of DNA (adenine, guanine, and related organic molecules) may have been formed extraterrestrially in outer space. [ 153 ] [ 154 ] [ 155 ] Complex DNA and RNA organic compounds of life , including uracil , cytosine , and thymine , have also been formed in the laboratory under conditions mimicking those found in outer space , using ...

  4. Genetic code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code

    The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome , which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA ...

  5. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA in a process called transcription. Within cells, DNA is organized into long sequences called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes.

  6. Introduction to genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_genetics

    Genes are made from a long molecule called DNA, which is copied and inherited across generations. DNA is made of simple units that line up in a particular order within it, carrying genetic information. The language used by DNA is called genetic code, which lets organisms read the information in the genes. This information is the instructions ...

  7. Base pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_pair

    The chemical structure of DNA base-pairs . A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA.

  8. Nucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide

    This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.

  9. DNA and RNA codon tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables

    [2] [3] The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic DNA. [4] In this context, the standard genetic code is referred to as translation table 1. [3] It can also be represented in a DNA codon table. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5 ′-to-3 ′ direction.