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Biafra (/ b i ˈ æ f r ə / bee-AF-rə), [4] officially the Republic of Biafra, [5] was a partially recognised state in West Africa [6] [7] that declared independence from Nigeria and existed from 1967 until 1970. [8] Its territory consisted of the former Eastern Region of Nigeria, predominantly inhabited by the Igbo ethnic group. [1]
The largest organization in the United States that formed in reaction to the Biafra war was the American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive. [14] In West Germany the war resulted in an unprecedented mobilization and the amount of money raised, 70 million marks, exceeded that previously raised for any humanitarian cause. [17]
During the 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 years of the war, there were about 100,000 overall military casualties, while between 500,000 and 2 million Biafran civilians died of starvation. [19] Alongside the concurrent Vietnam War, the Nigerian Civil War was one of the first wars in human history to be televised to a global audience. [20]
Combatant 2 Result; Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) Nigeria Egypt Biafra: Victory. Reincorporation of Biafra into Nigeria; Operation UNICORD (1967) Nigeria Biafra: Victory: Midwest Invasion of 1967 (1967) Nigeria Biafra: Victory: First Invasion of Onitsha (1967) Nigeria Biafra: Biafran victory: Operation Tiger Claw (1967) Nigeria Biafra ...
In December 1967, the Nigerian 2nd Division and 6th Battalion under Muhammed crossed the river at Idah and were stationed in Enugu. On January 2, 1968, the Nigerians moved towards Onitsha in a two pronged attack launched from two axes. The 2nd Division rolled through Biafran held territory including numerous towns and cities.
The Biafra Referendum, otherwise known as the Biafra self-referendum, was a self-determination poll organized and conducted by the Biafra Republic Government in Exile to determine the declaration of the restoration of Biafra, a partially recognised state in West Africa that declared independence from Nigeria and existed from 1967 until 1970.
Officially Biafra receives de jure acknowledgement of existence by only a few nations, but has the de facto support of France, Israel, Portugal, and South Africa which provide arms to the state in its war of independence against Nigeria. 1969 January 4 — Spain returns Ifni to Morocco. 1970 January 15 — Biafra is occupied and annexed by Nigeria.
Historian S. E. Orobator, arguing that the invasion failed to severely hamper federal advances into Biafran territory, caused infighting in Biafra's military leadership, and dissipated popular sympathy for the secession in the Midwest [33] concluded that "In sum, Biafra would have benefited more from the Midwest had she maintained the existing ...