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Three flights of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle are currently planned for launch in the Artemis program in the early 2020s, beginning with Artemis 1. Before Artemis was named, the flights were referred to as "Orion missions".
NASA and its partners have planned Artemis I through Artemis V missions; later Artemis missions have also been proposed. Each SLS mission centers on the launch of an SLS launch vehicle carrying an Orion spacecraft. Missions after Artemis II will depend on support missions launched by other organizations and spacecraft for support functions.
The proposed Europa Lander, formerly part of the Europa Clipper mission, was proposed to be launched aboard an SLS in the mid-2010s. [25] The joint NASA-ESA Titan Saturn System Mission proposal envisioned the SLS as an option for launch. [26] On 10 February 2021, it was announced that Europa Clipper would not launch aboard an SLS. [27]
The delay also pushes back the Artemis III mission, which aims to land astronauts near the moon’s south pole; instead of launching in September 2026, that mission is planned for mid-2027.
The report estimated that each Artemis launch would cost $4.2 billion, making the lunar missions difficult to sustain alongside NASA’s other exploration goals.
Artemis III is planned to launch in 2026 [16] aboard an SLS Block 1 rocket and will use the minimalist Gateway and expendable lander to achieve the first crewed lunar landing of the program. The flight is planned to touch down on the lunar south pole region, with two astronauts staying there for about one week. [15] [17] [18] [19] [20]
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Artemis III is planned to be the second crewed Artemis mission and the first American crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in December 1972. [6] As of December 2024, NASA officially expects Artemis III to launch no earlier than mid-2027 due to heat shield issues on Orion and valve problems in the spacecraft's life support system. [7] [8]