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European ash in flower Narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) shoot with leaves. Fraxinus (/ ˈ f r æ k s ɪ n ə s /), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, [4] and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees.
As treated in its broad sense, the genus is divided into two main and three or four small subgenera: Sorbus (Sorbus). now genus Sorbus s.s., are commonly known as the rowan (primarily in the UK) or mountain-ash (in Ireland, North America and the UK), with compound leaves usually hairless or thinly hairy below; fruit carpels not fused; the type is Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan).
Fraxinus americana (White Ash) Fraxinus excelsior (European Ash) - introduced; Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon Ash) Fraxinus nigra (Black Ash) Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash) Fraxinus profunda (Pumpkin Ash) Fraxinus quadrangulata (Blue Ash) Gleditsia. Gleditsia triacanthos (Honey-locust) Gymnocladus. Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky coffee-tree ...
The true ash trees are much taller and are typically grown as street trees or shade trees. The smaller mountain ash is a member of the rose family while the true ash belongs to the olive family.
Fraxinus americana, the white ash or American ash, is a fast-growing species of ash tree native to eastern and central North America. White ash trees are threatened by the invasive emerald ash borer .
The best-known type of ash is wood ash, as a product of wood combustion in campfires, fireplaces, etc. The darker the wood ashes, the higher the content of remaining charcoal from incomplete combustion. The ashes are of different types. Some ashes contain natural compounds that make soil fertile.