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In June 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a combination vaccine against two types of meningococcal diseases and Hib disease for infants and children 6 weeks to 18 months old. The vaccine, Menhibrix , was designed to prevent disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and Y, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
Meningococcal vaccine refers to any vaccine used to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis. [15] Different versions are effective against some or all of the following types of meningococcus: A, B, C, W-135, and Y. [15] [16] The vaccines are between 85 and 100% effective for at least two years. [15]
Meningococcal meningitis is a form of bacterial meningitis. Meningitis is a disease caused by inflammation and irritation of the meninges , the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. In meningococcal meningitis this is caused by the bacteria invading the cerebrospinal fluid and circulating through the central nervous system .
Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis is another method of prevention, particularly of meningococcal meningitis. In cases of meningococcal meningitis, preventative treatment in close contacts with antibiotics (e.g. rifampicin, ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone) can reduce their risk of contracting the condition, but does not protect against future ...
Penbraya is a pentavalent conjugate vaccine developed by Pfizer for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease in people 10 through 25 years of age. [4] Invasive meningococcal disease, caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, can lead to serious conditions such as meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord lining) and sepsis. [5]
NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 is the commercial name for a polysaccharide vaccine that protects against meningococcal meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, specifically the serotypes A, C, Y, and W-135. This vaccine is part of a broader group of meningococcal vaccines .
Endotoxins are in large part responsible for the dramatic clinical manifestations of infections with pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria meningitidis, the pathogens that causes meningococcal disease, including meningococcemia, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome, and meningitis.
Oily chloramphenicol was first used to treat meningitis in 1975 [57] and numerous studies since have demonstrated its efficacy. [58] [59] [60] It is the cheapest treatment available for meningitis (US$5 per treatment course, compared to US$30 for ampicillin and US$15 for five days of ceftriaxone). It has the great advantage of requiring only a ...