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Patients with beta thalassemia minor are usually asymptomatic and are often monitored without treatment. [8] Beta thalassemia minor may coexist with other conditions such as chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease that, when combined or co-existing, may cause a person to have iron ...
Without adequate iron chelation therapy, almost all patients with beta-thalassemia accumulate potentially fatal iron levels. [16] Infection: People with thalassemia have an increased risk of infection. This is especially true if the spleen has been removed. [17] Bone deformities: Thalassemia can make the bone marrow expand, which causes bones ...
Dietary indicaxanthin has been shown to have protective effects on RBCs in people with beta thalassemia. [26] It has a structure similar to that of amino acids, and is amphiphilic: it is able to bind to cell membranes through charge-related interactions with polar head groups of membrane constituents, as well through adsorption to the lipid ...
Hemoglobin E/ beta thalassemia: common in Cambodia, Thailand, and parts of India, it is clinically similar to β thalassemia major or β thalassemia intermedia. [34] Hemoglobin S/ beta thalassemia: common in African and Mediterranean populations, it is clinically similar to sickle-cell anemia. [35] Delta-beta thalassemia is a rare form of ...
Luspatercept, sold under the brand name Reblozyl, is a medication used for the treatment of anemia in beta thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. [5] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. [8]
Betibeglogene autotemcel, sold under the brand name Zynteglo, is a gene therapy for the treatment for beta thalassemia. [1] [5] [2] It was developed by Bluebird Bio and was given breakthrough therapy designation by the US Food and Drug Administration in February 2015.
Side effects include iron overloading, [12] [4] [9] [13] [5] allergic reactions that lead to skin rashes and infections transmitted through transfusion. [4] [12] The most common side effect is iron overloading, which the severity of overload depends on the frequency, volume, and the amount of blood transfused to the patient. [9]
These diseases are typically diseases in which chronic blood loss requires frequent blood transfusions, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, though beta thalassemia minor has been associated with hemosiderin deposits in the liver in those with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of any transfusions. [5] [6]