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Diabetic nephropathy, damage to the kidney due to increased glomerular pressure and hyperfiltration can lead to end-stage chronic kidney disease that may require renal dialysis. [27] In most parts of the world, diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
Checking the blood pressure and keeping it within strict limits (using diet and antihypertensive treatment) protects against the retinal, renal and cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Regular follow-up by a podiatrist or other foot health specialists is encouraged to prevent the development of diabetic foot .
Distributive shock, which can occur due to anaphylaxis or sepsis, results in widespread dilation of blood vessels in the body resulting in lower blood pressure. In cases of extremely low circulating volume or inability to maintain an adequate blood pressure, body tissues do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients. [ 5 ]
Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes, with the other 10% due primarily to type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes. [1] In type 1 diabetes, there is a lower total level of insulin to control blood glucose, due to an autoimmune -induced loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas .
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [1]
In this podcast episode, Medical News Today shares three actionable resolutions that can help improve brain, heart, and metabolic health in the new year via diet, sleep, and exercise.
Diabetic foot ulcer is a breakdown of the skin and sometimes deeper tissues of the foot that leads to sore formation. It is thought to occur due to abnormal pressure or mechanical stress chronically applied to the foot, usually with concomitant predisposing conditions such as peripheral sensory neuropathy, peripheral motor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease. [1]
Complications may include seizures, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, mesenteric artery occlusion, or rhabdomyolysis. [2] The main risk factor is a history of diabetes mellitus type 2. [4] Occasionally it may occur in those without a prior history of diabetes or those with diabetes mellitus type 1.