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Hindi literature (Hindi: हिंदी साहित्य, romanized: hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Central Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Hindi, some of which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa such as Awadhi and Marwari.
Chhayavad (Hindi: छायावाद) (approximated in English as "Romanticism", literally "Shaded") refers to the era of Neo-romanticism in Hindi literature, particularly Hindi poetry, 1922–1938, [1] and was marked by an increase of romantic and humanist content.
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Suryakant Tripathi (21 February 1899 – 15 October 1961) was an Indian poet, writer, composer, and sketch artist who wrote in Hindi. He is considered one of the four major pillars [a] of the Chhayavad period in Hindi literature. He is renowned with the epithet Mahāprāṇ [b] and his pen name Nirālā [c]. [1]
Sadhukkari (Devanagari: सधुक्कड़ी) was a vernacular dialect of the Hindi Belt of medieval North India, and a mix of Hindustani, Haryanvi, Braj Bhasha, Awadhi, Marwari, Bhojpuri and Punjabi, hence it is also commonly called a Panchmel Khichri. [1] [2] Since it is simpler, it is used in adult literacy books or early literacy books.
The highly metaphorical work is still celebrated for its deeply Vedantic and Sufi incantations and philosophical undertones [1] and is an important work in the Chhayavaad (Neo-romanticism) literary movement of early 20th century Hindi literature. All the rubaaiaa (the plural for rubaai) end in the word madhushala.
Gulabrai wrote a history of Hindi literature, Hindi sahitya ka subodh itihaas and developed a unique style of self-satire, which is very prominent in his biographies titled Meri Asafaltaein and Thalua Club. He also started a literary magazine called Sahitya Sandesh. His works can be broadly divided into three categories. Philosophical.
A significant amount of Apabhraṃśa literature has been found in Jain libraries. While Amir Khusrow and Kabir were writing in a language quite similar to modern Urdu and Hindi, many poets, especially in regions that were still ruled by Hindu kings, continued to write in Apabhraṃśa.