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Toluene (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u iː n /), also known as toluol (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u. ɒ l , - ɔː l , - oʊ l / ), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon [ 15 ] with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 3 , often abbreviated as PhCH 3 , where Ph stands for the phenyl group.
Phase behavior Triple point: 178.15 K (−94.99 °C), ? Pa Critical point: 591.79 K (318.64 °C), 4.109 MPa Std enthalpy change of fusionΔ fus H o: 6.636 kJ/mol
Toluene (or methylbenzene) is a common chemical found in chemistry laboratories. An alkylbenzene is a chemical compound that contains a monocyclic aromatic ring attaching to one or more saturated hydrocarbon chains. [1] Alkylbenzenes are derivatives of benzene, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups.
Industrially, the diazonium method is reserved for 3-chlorotoluene. The industrial route to 2- and 4-chlorotoluene entails direct reaction of toluene with chlorine. The more valuable 4-chlorotoluene is separated from 2-chlorotoluene by distillation. Distillation cannot be applied to separating 3-chlorotoluene from 4-chlorotoluene. [2]
A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 °C, a dewpoint of 9 °C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%).
This page was last edited on 12 November 2023, at 16:44 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
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The overall reaction mechanism, denoted by the Hughes–Ingold mechanistic symbol S E Ar, [3] begins with the aromatic ring attacking the electrophile E + (2a). This step leads to the formation of a positively charged and delocalized cyclohexadienyl cation, also known as an arenium ion, Wheland intermediate, or arene σ-complex (2b).