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The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, ... Epidemics, possibly of smallpox, ...
Smallpox is among the most notable of diseases in the Columbian Exchange due to the high number of deaths and impact on life for Indigenous societies. [1] [5] Smallpox first broke out in the Americas on the island of Hispaniola in 1518. [7] The disease was carried over from Europe, where it had been endemic for over seven hundred years. [5]
The American era of limited infectious disease ended with the arrival of Europeans in the Americas and the Columbian exchange of microorganisms, including those that cause human diseases. European infections and epidemics had major effects on Native American life in the colonial period and nineteenth century, especially.
The clearest description of smallpox from pre-modern times was given in the 9th century by the Persian physician, Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi, known in the West as "Rhazes", who was the first to differentiate smallpox from measles and chickenpox in his Kitab fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah (The Book of Smallpox and Measles). [27]
Originating in the Eastern Hemisphere, smallpox was first introduced to the Americas shortly after the beginning of the Columbian Exchange. Brought to Santo Domingo in 1519, it spread to the mainland during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, causing widespread devastation across Mesoamerica. [2]
Mpox belongs to the same family of viruses as smallpox but causes milder symptoms like fever, chills and body aches. People with more serious cases can develop lesions on the face, hands, chest ...
It explores the results of the European colonization of the Americas, a topic begun in Alfred Crosby's 1972 work The Columbian Exchange, which examined exchanges of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies after European contact with the Americas. Mann added much new scholarship that had been developed in the 40 years since that book was ...
The shots have been stockpiled for years by countries such as Japan, the United States and Canada in case smallpox, an eradicated disease that is the more dangerous cousin of mpox, ever makes a ...