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LSD, a classical psychedelic, is deemed physiologically safe at standard dosages (50–200 μg) and its primary risks lie in psychological effects rather than physiological harm. [ 23 ] [ 57 ] A 2010 study by David Nutt ranked LSD as significantly less harmful than alcohol , placing it near the bottom of a list assessing the harm of 20 drugs.
Effects include euphoria, hallucinations, changes in perception, a distorted sense of time, [23] and perceived spiritual experiences. It can also cause adverse reactions such as nausea and panic attacks. Its effects depend on set and setting and one's expectations. [11] [24] Psilocybin is a prodrug of psilocin. [18]
Many of these psychedelics cause remarkably similar effects, despite their different chemical structure. However, many users report that the three major families have subjectively different qualities in the "feel" of the experience, which are difficult to describe.
Psychedelic effects can be long lasting. What many people don’t understand about psychedelics, Woolley said, is the impact can last for days, weeks or longer after the substance is no longer ...
Short-term adverse effects include grinding of the teeth, blurred vision, sweating, and a rapid heartbeat, [26] and extended use can also lead to addiction, memory problems, paranoia, and difficulty sleeping. Deaths have been reported due to increased body temperature and dehydration.
Some rarely used drugs of the opioid class have psychotomimetic effects. Particularly, mixed kappa receptor agonist mu receptor antagonist opioid analgesics can cause dose-related psychotomimesis. [1] This adverse effect, incidence 1–2%, limits their use. Pentazocine and butorphanol fall under this opioid class. [2]
Because most psychedelics are controlled substances in the US, there are concerns for their use in treating mental health disorders, including trauma-related disorders. Adverse effects and addiction are significant concerns people have when discussing psychedelics for the benefit of treatment.
In the heart, ibogaine causes long QT syndrome at higher doses, apparently by blocking hERG potassium channels and slowing the heart rate. [16] [17] Ibogaine should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. [15] Ibogaine has potential for adverse interactions with other psychedelic agents and prescription drugs. [15] [17]