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ASTM D97, Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils. The specimen is cooled inside a cooling bath to allow the formation of paraffin wax crystals. At about 9 °C above the expected pour point, and for every subsequent 3 °C, the test jar is removed and tilted to check for surface movement.
The pour point (ASTM D97 [12]) measures the temperature at which a base oil no longer flows. For paraffinic base oils, pour points are usually between −12 °C and −15 °C, and are determined by operation of the dewaxing unit. The pour points of naphthenic base oils, generally devoid of wax content, may be much lower (down to <−70 °C). [10]
The pour point defined first this property of motor oil, as defined by ASTM D97 as "...an index of the lowest temperature of its utility..." for a given application, [ 12 ] but the cold-cranking simulator (CCS, see ASTM D5293-08) and mini-rotary viscometer (MRV, see ASTM D3829-02(2007), ASTM D4684-08) are today the properties required in motor ...
AISC – American Institute of Steel Construction; AISI – American Iron and Steel Institute; AIT – analyzer indicator transmitter; AIT – array induction tool; AL – appraisal license (United Kingdom), a type of onshore licence issued before 1996; ALAP – as low as possible (used along with density of mud) ALARP – as low as reasonably ...
Pour point depressants are used to allow the use of petroleum based mineral oils at lower temperatures. The lowest temperature at which a fuel or oil will pour is called a pour point . Wax crystals, which form at lower temperatures, may interfere with lubrication of mechanical equipment.
Luckily, your intuition will be on point this month with Venus, the sign of love and pleasure, in Pisces. This helps you see clearly who is and is not worth your time. Act accordingly! The full ...
EN 10027-1 steel grade designation system. European standard steel grade names fall into two categories: [1] Steel specified by purpose of use and mechanical properties. Steel specified by chemical composition. The inclusion of a letter 'G' before the code indicates the steel is specified in the form of a casting.
Several coaches are squarely on the NFL hot seat entering Week 18, with Mike McCarthy and Brian Daboll among those facing uncertain futures.