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French historians usually place the Siècle des Lumières ("Century of Enlightenments") between 1715 and 1789: from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution. [165] Most scholars use the last years of the century, often choosing the French Revolution or the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1804) as a convenient point ...
Timeline of Chinese history. This is a timeline of Chinese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in China and its dynasties. To read about the background to these events, see History of China. See also the list of Chinese monarchs, Chinese emperors family tree, dynasties of China and years in China.
The Mongol Yuan dynasty became the first conquest dynasty in Chinese history to rule the entirety of China proper and its population as an ethnic minority. The dynasty also directly controlled the Mongol heartland and other regions, inheriting the largest share of territory of the eastern Mongol empire , which roughly coincided with the modern ...
Chinese Text Project – Chinese philosophy texts in classical Chinese with English and modern Chinese translations Contesting Confucius Henry Zhao, New Left Review 44, March–April 2007 Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers , 1751–1772, " "Philosophie des Chinois " [in French]
New Enlightenment (simplified Chinese: 新启蒙; traditional Chinese: 新啟蒙), or the New Enlightenment movement (simplified Chinese: 新启蒙运动; traditional Chinese: 新啟蒙運動), was a massive social and cultural movement in mainland China that originated in the late 1970s and lasted for over a decade.
The current status of Chinese intellectuals reflects traditions established in the imperial period. For most of this period, government officials were selected from among the literati on the basis of the Confucian civil service examination system.
According to received history, the period they existed in preceded the Xia dynasty, [3] although they were thought to exist in later periods to an extent [4] in incorporeal forms that aided the Chinese people, especially with the stories of Nüwa existing as a spirit in the Shang dynasty [5] and Shennong being identified as the godly form of ...
Huineng, 6th Buddhist patriarch of the Chan (Zen) School in China, he established the concept of "no mind". Linji Yixuan (Lin-chi), founder of the Linji school of Chan (Zen) Buddhism in China, a branch of which is the Rinzai school in Japan. Zhaozhou, famous chan (Zen) master during the 8th century, noted for his wisdom. Became known for his ...