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In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser , [ 1 ] a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone .
For capacitances following the (E3, E6, E12 or) E24 series of preferred values, the former ANSI/EIA-198-D:1991, ANSI/EIA-198-1-E:1998 and ANSI/EIA-198-1-F:2002 as well as the amendment IEC 60062:2016/AMD1:2019 to IEC 60062 define a special two-character marking code for capacitors for very small parts which leave no room to print any longer ...
Electronic color code – color-code used to indicate the values of axial electronic components, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes (also see IEC 60062) Geometric progression; Preferred number; Renard series – used for current rating of electric fuses
The range of units used to specify capacitor values has expanded to include everything from pico- (pF), nano- (nF) and microfarad (μF) to farad (F). Millifarad and kilofarad are uncommon. The percentage of allowed deviation from the rated value is called tolerance. The actual capacitance value should be within its tolerance limits, or it is ...
A capacitor can possess spring-like qualities in an oscillator circuit. In the image example, a capacitor acts to influence the biasing voltage at the npn transistor's base. The resistance values of the voltage-divider resistors and the capacitance value of the capacitor together control the oscillatory frequency.
Capacitors and inductors as used in electric circuits are not ideal components with only capacitance or inductance.However, they can be treated, to a very good degree of approximation, as being ideal capacitors and inductors in series with a resistance; this resistance is defined as the equivalent series resistance (ESR) [1].