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Different food preservation methods have different impacts on the quality of the food and food systems. Some traditional methods of preserving food have been shown to have a lower energy input and carbon footprint compared to modern methods. [3] [2] Some methods of food preservation are also known to create carcinogens.
Food drying is a method of food preservation in which food is dried (dehydrated or desiccated). Drying inhibits the growth of bacteria , yeasts , and mold through the removal of water . Dehydration has been used widely for this purpose since ancient times; the earliest known practice is 12,000 B.C. by inhabitants of the modern Asian and Middle ...
Pasteurized milk in Japan A 1912 Chicago Department of Health poster explains household pasteurization to mothers.. In food processing, pasteurization (also pasteurisation) is a process of food preservation in which packaged foods (e.g., milk and fruit juices) are treated with mild heat, usually to less than 100 °C (212 °F), to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life.
Because curing increases the solute concentration in the food and hence decreases its water potential, the food becomes inhospitable for the microbe growth that causes food spoilage. Curing can be traced back to antiquity , and was the primary method of preserving meat and fish until the late 19th century.
The preservation of foods has evolved greatly over the centuries and has been instrumental in increasing food security. The use of preservatives other than traditional oils, salts, paints, [ clarification needed ] etc. in food began in the late 19th century, but was not widespread until the 20th century.
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, [ a ] although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. [ 2 ]
The detection of spoiled food can be crucial in preventing Foodborne illnesses, and various methods have been developed to detect spoilage. One such method is the use of biosensors , which are devices that use biological components to detect specific substances or changes in the environment.
In the Philippines, pickling is a common method of preserving food, with many commonly eaten foods pickled, traditionally done using large earthen jars. The process is known as buro or binuro . Pickling was a common method of preserving a large variety of foods such as fish throughout the archipelago before the advent of refrigeration, but its ...