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From south to north, the zones and the major faults separating them are the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), Subhimalaya Zone (also called Sivalik), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), Lesser Himalaya (further subdivided into the "Lesser Himalayan Sedimentary Zone (LHSZ) and the Lesser Himalayan Crystalline Nappes (LHCN)), Main Central thrust (MCT), Higher ...
In geology, metasedimentary rock is a type of metamorphic rock. Such a rock was first formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment. Then, the rock was buried underneath subsequent rock and was subjected to high pressures and temperatures, causing the rock to recrystallize. The overall composition of a metasedimentary rock can be ...
Satellite image of the Himalayas Spatial arrangement of the Himalayan tectonostratigraphic zones. Modified from N.R. McKenzie et al 2011 [1]. Pre-collisional Himalaya is the arrangement of the Himalayan rock units before mountain-building processes resulted in the collision of Asia and India.
The Sub-Himalayan Sequence is thrust southwestward in the rate of 10±6 mm/yr along the Main Frontal thrust during the Quaternary. [15] Within the sequence, rocks have been thrust and accreted vastly, forming the Sub-Himalayan Thrust Zone in the southwest Himachal Pradesh (Fig. 3). The unit is bounded by the Krol thrust and Tons thrust on top. [13]
Geologically, the Sivalik Hills belong to the Tertiary deposits of the outer Himalayas. [5] They are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations, which are the solidified detritus of the Himalayas [5] to their north; they are poorly consolidated. The sedimentary rocks comprising the hills are believed to be 16–5.2 million ...
Hagen called them Khumbu Nappes, and Lumbasumba Nappes. [19] Arita calls it the Himalayan Gneiss Group, [16] and it lies above the MCT II, or the upper MCT. The High Himalayan Crystalline units (HHC) [20] are mainly composed of kyanite- to sillimanite-grade gneisses intruded by High Himalayan leucogranites at structurally higher levels. [21]
The Himalayan mountain chain is a fold and thrust belt that can be divided into four units bounded by thrusts from south to north: the Sub-Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Tethyan Himalaya. [1] The Lesser Himalayan Zone has a lower relief and elevation of the mountains compared to Greater Himalaya.
The Himalayan foreland basin has been divided on the basis of modern drainage divides, [2] and subsurface topography. [7] [8] Subdivisions based on drainage divides are most commonly used, with the Indus Basin reflecting the drainage area of the Indus River, and the Ganga Basin representing the drainage area of the Ganges River.