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The impact of craniocervical instability can range from minor symptoms to severe disability in which patients are bed-bound. The constellation of symptoms caused by craniocervical instability is known as "cervico-medullary syndrome" [4] and includes: [5] [6] [7]
Instability of the cervical spine can cause endangerment of patients and their neurological integrity. [28] Correction and decompression cervical spinal surgeries significantly increase quality of life and reduce symptoms. Post-surgery, 93 to 100 percent of patients report reduced cervicocranial syndrome symptoms such as neck pain. [29] [30]
Treatment for KFS is symptomatic and may include surgery to relieve cervical or craniocervical instability and constriction of the spinal cord, and to correct scoliosis. [citation needed] If symptomatic treatment fails, spinal surgery may provide relief.
If neck pain is the result of instability, cancer, or other disease, surgery may be necessary. Surgery is usually not indicated for "pinched nerves" or herniated discs unless there is spinal cord compression or pain and disability have been protracted for many months and refractory to conservative treatment such as physical therapy .
Fluoxetine, given its very long half-life, can be given as a single small dose, and often avoid Lhermitte's sign and other withdrawal symptoms. [11] In the dental field, three studies (Layzer 1978, Gutmann 1979, Blanco 1983) have identified Lhermitte sign among nitrous oxide abusers.
Blood pressure instability is also evident in these patients. [12] Congenital tonsillar herniation of the cerebellum is also known as a Chiari malformation (CM), or previously an Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM). There are four types of Chiari malformation, and they represent very different disease processes with different symptoms and prognosis.
Here: Alternatively, craniocervical instability can be diagnosed if a trial of cervical traction, typically using a halo fixation device, results in a significant alleviation of symptoms. FloweringOctopus 16:43, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
Symptoms can also worsen while the patient is walking or during periods of increased stress. Other symptoms include muscle hypertrophy , neck pain, dysarthria and tremor. [ 2 ] Studies have shown that over 75% of patients report neck pain, [ 1 ] and 33% to 40% experience tremor of the head.