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Ninety-five Theses The 1517 Nuremberg printing of Ninety-five Theses, now housed at the Berlin State Library Author Martin Luther Original title Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum [a] Language Latin Publication date 31 October 1517 Publication place Germany Original text Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum [a] at Latin Wikisource Translation Ninety-five Theses ...
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, [1] was a major theological movement or period or series of events in Western Christianity in 16th-century Northwestern Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther was born on 10 November 1483 to Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther) [19] and his wife Margarethe (née Lindemann) in Eisleben, County of Mansfeld, in the Holy Roman Empire. Luther was baptized the next morning on the feast day of Martin of Tours .
During this time, Martin Luther used his political influence to prevent war, but recognized the right of rulers to defend their lands in the event of an invasion (see Luther's concept of the Beerwolf ruler). [30] Martin Luther and the Reformation also brought a period of radical change to church architecture and design. According to the ideals ...
The theology of Martin Luther was instrumental in influencing the Protestant Reformation, specifically topics dealing with justification by faith, the relationship between the Law and Gospel (also an instrumental component of Reformed theology), and various other theological ideas.
Eck and other Roman Catholics followed the traditional practice of naming a heresy after its leader, thus labeling all who identified with the theology of Martin Luther as Lutherans. [2] Martin Luther always disliked the term Lutheran, preferring the term evangelical, which was derived from εὐαγγέλιον euangelion, a Greek word meaning ...
Erasmus believed the vehemence of the attacks on Luther was a strategem to blacken humanism (and himself) by association, part of the centuries-long power struggle at the universities between scholastic "theologians" and humanist "poets". [102]: 724 [note 37] [note 38]
At the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther articulated a doctrine of the two kingdoms. According to James Madison, perhaps one of the most important American proponents of the separation of church and state, Luther's doctrine of the two kingdoms marked the beginning of the modern conception of separation of church and state. [16]