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The three valleys were divided among three differently-sized societies, separated by 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi) "no-man's-land" in the middle. The city of Oaxaca much later developed in that area. Archaeological evidence, such as burned temples and sacrificed war captives, suggests that the three societies competed against each other.
There were large temples built called yo hopèe, the house of the vital force, in which the priests performed religious rites. In the spiritual realm the pè , or life force, lived within various natural elements including wind, breath and was believed to be the spirit, or vital force, of all beings.
The Zapotecs were the earliest to gain dominance over the Central Valleys region. [2] The first major dominion was centered in Monte Albán, which flourished from 500 BC until 750 AD. [ 3 ] At its height, Monte Albán was home to some 25,000 people and was the capital city of the Zapotec nation. [ 2 ]
Founded by the Zapotecs in the period just before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, Tehuantepec remains the center of Zapotec culture in the Isthmus. [3] One important symbol of this culture is the image of a Zapotec woman from the area called La Tehuana.
The partly excavated main pyramid of San Jose Mogote San Jose Mogote and other important Formative Period settlements.. San José Mogote is a pre-Columbian archaeological site of the Zapotec, a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in the region of what is now the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
The Zapotecs were a civilization that thrived in the Oaxaca Valley from the late 6th century BCE until their downfall at the hands of the Spanish conquistadors. The city of Monte Albán was an important religious center for the Zapotecs and served as the capital of the empire from 700 BCE to 700 CE.
As the political-religious center of the city, it included the "Place of accounts", as it was referred by the Mexica rulers, because it was where taxes and tributes from the region were collected. [1] Structures with often overlooked historic importance are in the part of the site now known as walled system IV.
Guiengola is a Zapotec archeological site located 14 km (8.7 mi) north of Tehuantepec, [1] and 243 km (151 mi) southeast of Oaxaca city on Federal Highway 190. The visible ruins are located between a hill and a river, each carries the name of Guiengola. The name means "large stone" in the local variant of the Zapotec language. [2]