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This study also found that this treatment increased the time that it would take for the umbilical stump to separate or fall off by 1.7 days. [6] Lastly this large review also supported the notion that in hospital settings no medicinal type of cord care treatment was better at reducing infections compared to dry cord care. [6]
Umbilical granuloma is the most common umbilical abnormality in newborn children or neonates, causing inflammation and drainage. [1] [2] [3] It may appear in the first few weeks of newborn infants during the healing process of the umbilical cord due to an umbilical mass. [4] It is the overgrowth of the umbilical tissue. [5]
Umbilical cord prolapse is when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby. [2] The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the baby will compromise blood flow to the baby. [2] It usually occurs during labor but can occur anytime after the rupture of membranes. [1] [5]
Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen.It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord, placental infarction, maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes) [1] and maternal smoking.
Professor Lisa Askie, senior author of the study, said: “Our findings highlight that particular care should be taken to keep premature babies warm when deferring umbilical cord clamping.
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Nuchal cord, when the umbilical cord is (tightly) around the neck of the fetus [2] Entanglement of the cord [2] Knot in the cord [2] Cord prolapse, where the umbilical cord exits the birth canal before the baby, which can cause cord compression. [3] As a complication of oligohydramnios in which there is insufficient amniotic fluid
umbilical cord accidents. Prolapsed umbilical cord – Prolapse of the umbilical cord happens when the foetus is not in a correct position in the pelvis. Membranes rupture and the cord is pushed out through the cervix. When the fetus pushes on the cervix, the cord is compressed and blocks blood and oxygen flow to the fetus.