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In the English language, Romani people have long been known by the exonym Gypsies or Gipsies, [88] which many Roma consider to be an ethnic slur. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [ 92 ]
These were later replaced with a "Gypsy rehabiliation centre" at Thorney Hill, created for the purpose of forced assimilation, which remained active until the mid-1970s. In 2024, Romani archaeologist John-Henry Phillips excavated the site of the centre, which was featured on series 12 of BBC Two 's Digging for Britain .
An announcement made on New York television station WABC referred to Romani people as 'real live Gypsies', suggesting a question mark on their existence. [ 8 ] Most Romani Americans live in the United States's biggest cities, where the greatest economic opportunities exist.
Each June, Gypsy Roma Traveller History Month is celebrated in London. [91] International Romani Day is a holiday celebrated in Europe on April 8, especially in Bulgaria , Hungary , Romania and other parts of Central and Eastern Europe . [ 92 ]
Romani people have been recorded in the United Kingdom since at least the early 16th century. There are estimated to be around 225,000 Romani people residing in the UK. This includes the Romanichal, Kale (Welsh Romani), Scottish Lowland Romani and a sizeable population of Roma from Central and Eastern Europe, who immigrated into the UK in the late 1990s/early 2000s and after EU expansion in 2004.
Romani people in England, Scotland and Wales generally call themselves “Gypsies”, “Romani Gypsies”, “Romanies” or “Romani”. Romanichal are found in England (As well as South Wales, Northeast Wales and the Scottish Borders), and they speak Angloromani.
The English term gypsy or gipsy [16] is commonly used to indicate Romani people, [17] and use of the word gipsy in modern-day English is pervasive (and is a legal term under English law—see below), and some Romani organizations use it in their own organizational names, particularly in the United Kingdom.
The history of their arrival in Romania, around 1370, is presented below. The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a big part of the basic lexicon, for example, body parts or daily routines. [ 16 ]