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The highest rates of HPV are in younger women, with a rate of 24% in women under 25 years. [183] Rates decline in older age groups in Europe and the Americas, but less so in Africa and Asia. The rates are highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (24%) and Eastern Europe (21%) and lowest in North America (5%) and Western Asia (2%).
Too old for HPV vaccination? Among women in their 30s and early 40s, incidence has been edging upward. Diagnosis of cervical cancer among women ages 30 to 44 rose almost 2% a year from 2012 to 2019.
HPV types 16 and 18 are the cause of 75% of cervical cancer cases globally, while 31 and 45 are the causes of another 10%. [45] Women who have multiple sexual partners, or have partners who have multiple sexual partners, regardless of sex are at higher risk of cervical cancer. [46] [47]
The task force recommends that women between the ages of 30 and 65 undergo cervical cancer screens by either getting an HPV test every 5 years, having HPV and Pap smear every five years or getting ...
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
The HPV vaccine costs between 800 EGP ($25.9) to 1,000 EGP ($32) per dose. The average household income in Egypt is 69,000 EGP annually, or just over $2,200, according to official figures.
In an observation of 348 women diagnosed with cervical cancer, almost 60 per cent tested positive for HPV type 16 and 18 which is a causative factor of cervical cancer. The increasing mortality among women with cervical cancer in Ghana suggests 26 in 100,000 Ghanaian women compared to women in most developed countries.
Studies show women and doctors take samples with similar accuracy. For now, the tests are only for use in health care settings; home testing may be on the horizon. HPV, or human papillomavirus, is very common and is spread through sex. Most HPV infections clear up on their own, but persistent infection can lead to cancer of the cervix.