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The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10 −34 when expressed in the unit J⋅s, which is equal to kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −1 , where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and Δ ν Cs .
The International Prototype of the Kilogram (referred to by metrologists as the IPK or Le Grand K; sometimes called the ur-kilogram, [1] [2] or urkilogram, [3] particularly by German-language authors writing in English [3] [4]:30 [5]: 64 ) is an object whose mass was used to define the kilogram from 1889, when it replaced the Kilogramme des ...
Although the definition of the kilogram remained unchanged throughout the 20th century, the 3rd CGPM in 1901 clarified that the kilogram was a unit of mass, not of weight. The original batch of 40 prototypes (adopted in 1889) were supplemented from time to time with further prototypes for use by new signatories to the Metre Convention. [66]
The base units are defined in terms of the defining constants. For example, the kilogram is defined by taking the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10 −34 J⋅s, giving the expression in terms of the defining constants [1]: 131 1 kg = (299 792 458) 2 / (6.626 070 15 × 10 −34)(9 192 631 770) h Δν Cs / c 2 .
It was invented in France for industrial use and from 1933 to 1955 was used both in France and in the Soviet Union. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] Gravitational metric systems use the kilogram-force (kilopond) as a base unit of force, with mass measured in a unit known as the hyl , Technische Masseneinheit (TME), mug or metric slug . [ 41 ]
Scientists want to define the kilogram by gravity—and not just electricity. Here’s why correctly quantifying mass is more important than you think.
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