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The first "ratchet" is applied to the symmetric root key, the second ratchet to the asymmetric Diffie Hellman (DH) key. [1] In cryptography, the Double Ratchet Algorithm (previously referred to as the Axolotl Ratchet [2] [3]) is a key management algorithm that was developed by Trevor Perrin and Moxie Marlinspike in 2013.
The time saving is minimal, as the most expensive operation (the 64×64-bit multiply) remains, so the normal version is preferred except in extremis. Still, this faster version also passes statistical tests. [4] When executing on a 32-bit processor, the 64×64-bit multiply must be implemented using three 32×32→64-bit multiply operations.
The pocket algorithm then returns the solution in the pocket, rather than the last solution. It can be used also for non-separable data sets, where the aim is to find a perceptron with a small number of misclassifications. However, these solutions appear purely stochastically and hence the pocket algorithm neither approaches them gradually in ...
32 or 64 bits add,shift,xor MurmurHash: 32, 64, or 128 bits product/rotation Fast-Hash [3] 32 or 64 bits xorshift operations SpookyHash 32, 64, or 128 bits see Jenkins hash function: CityHash [4] 32, 64, 128, or 256 bits FarmHash [5] 32, 64 or 128 bits MetroHash [6] 64 or 128 bits numeric hash (nhash) [7] variable division/modulo xxHash [8] 32 ...
SipHash computes a 64-bit message authentication code from a variable-length message and 128-bit secret key. It was designed to be efficient even for short inputs, with performance comparable to non-cryptographic hash functions, such as CityHash; [4]: 496 [2] this can be used to prevent denial-of-service attacks against hash tables ("hash flooding"), [5] or to authenticate network packets.
The cipher's designers were David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge Computer Laboratory, and the algorithm was presented in an unpublished technical report in 1997 (Needham and Wheeler, 1997). It is not subject to any patents. [1] Like TEA, XTEA is a 64-bit block Feistel cipher with a 128-bit key and a suggested 64 rounds
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When the data word is divided into 32-bit blocks, two 32-bit sums result and are combined into a 64-bit Fletcher checksum. Usually, the second sum will be multiplied by 2 32 and added to the simple checksum, effectively stacking the sums side-by-side in a 64-bit word with the simple checksum at the least significant end. This algorithm is then ...