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Diazonium compound. Benzenediazonium cation. Diazonium compounds or diazonium salts are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group [R−N+≡N]X− where R can be any organic group, such as an alkyl or an aryl, and X is an inorganic or organic anion, such as a halide. The parent compound where R is hydrogen, is diazenylium.
In alkaline media, diazonium salt can react with most primary and secondary amines, which exist as a free base to produce triazene. [8] This chemical reaction is called azo N-coupling, [9] or the synthesis of azoamines. [10] The dye called aniline yellow is produced by the reaction of aniline and a diazonium salt.
The alkyl diazonium salts are of little importance because they are too unstable. The most important members are derivatives of aromatic amines such as aniline ("phenylamine") (A = aryl or naphthyl): + + + + + Anilines and naphthylamines form more stable diazonium salts, which can be isolated in the crystalline form. [17]
Azo compounds are organic compounds bearing the functional group diazenyl (R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ can be either aryl or alkyl groups). IUPAC defines azo compounds as: "Derivatives of diazene (diimide), HN=NH, wherein both hydrogens are substituted by hydrocarbyl groups, e.g. PhN=NPh azobenzene or diphenyldiazene.", where Ph stands ...
RXNO:0000021. The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts using copper salts as reagents or catalysts. [1][2][3][4] It is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The Sandmeyer reaction provides a method through which one can perform unique transformations on benzene ...
Nitrous acid (molecular formula H N O. 2) is a weak and monoprotic acid known only in solution, in the gas phase, and in the form of nitrite (NO−. 2) salts. [3] It was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it " phlogisticated acid of niter". Nitrous acid is used to make diazonium salts from amines.
Through these intermediates, the amine group can be converted to a hydroxyl (−OH), cyanide (−CN), or halide group (−X, where X is a halogen) via Sandmeyer reactions. This diazonium salt can also be reacted with NaNO 2 and phenol to produce a dye known as benzeneazophenol, in a process called coupling.
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C-N=N-C linkage. [1] Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally. [2][3] Most azo dyes contain only one ...