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  2. Surplus value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus_value

    Capitalism. In Marxian economics, surplus value is the difference between the amount raised through a sale of a product and the amount it cost to manufacture it: i.e. the amount raised through sale of the product minus the cost of the materials, plant and labour power. The concept originated in Ricardian socialism, with the term "surplus value ...

  3. Theories of Surplus Value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_Surplus_Value

    Theories of Surplus Value (German: Theorien über den Mehrwert) is a draft manuscript written by Karl Marx between January 1862 and July 1863. [ 1 ] It is mainly concerned with the Western European theorizing about Mehrwert (added value or surplus value) from about 1750, critically examining the ideas of British, French and German political ...

  4. Value, Price and Profit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value,_Price_and_Profit

    At the heart of the argument is the labour theory of value and the related premise that profit represents surplus value created by labour working above and beyond the amount needed to reproduce itself, as represented by wages and the buying power of wages viz. the price of commodities (particularly necessities). In other words, profit is what ...

  5. Marxian economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxian_economics

    Marxian economics, or the Marxian school of economics, is a heterodox school of political economic thought. Its foundations can be traced back to Karl Marx's critique of political economy. However, unlike critics of political economy, Marxian economists tend to accept the concept of the economy prima facie. Marxian economics comprises several ...

  6. Das Kapital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Kapital

    In Das Kapital (1867), Marx proposes that the motivating force of capitalism is in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value.The owner of the means of production is able to claim the right to this surplus value because they are legally protected by the ruling regime through property rights and the legally established distribution of shares which are ...

  7. Surplus labour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus_labour

    Marxism. Surplus labour (German: Mehrarbeit) is a concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. It means labour performed in excess of the labour necessary to produce the means of livelihood of the worker ("necessary labour"). The "surplus" in this context means the additional labour a worker has to do in their job, beyond ...

  8. Profit (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_(economics)

    Capitalism. In economics, profit is the difference between revenue that an economic entity has received from its outputs and total costs of its inputs, also known as surplus value. [1] It is equal to total revenue minus total cost, including both explicit and implicit costs. [2]

  9. Surplus product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus_product

    Surplus product (German: Mehrprodukt) is a concept theorised by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. Roughly speaking, it is the extra goods produced above the amount needed for a community of workers to survive at its current standard of living. Marx first began to work out his idea of surplus product in his 1844 notes on James Mill ...