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The protected areas of Nepal cover mainly forested land and are located at various altitudes in the Terai, in the foothills of the Himalayas and in the mountains, thus encompassing a multitude of landscapes and preserving a vast biodiversity in the Palearctic and Indomalayan realms.
The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is a protected area in the Terai of eastern Nepal covering 176 km 2 (68 sq mi) of wetlands in the Sunsari, Saptari and Udayapur Districts.It comprises extensive reed beds and freshwater marshes in the floodplain of the Kosi River, and ranges in elevation from 75 to 81 m (246 to 266 ft).
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area is a protected area in the Himalayas of eastern Nepal that was established in 1997. It covers 2,035 km 2 (786 sq mi) in the Taplejung District and comprises two peaks of Kanchenjunga .
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The area was a favourite hunting ground for Nepal's ruling class and was declared a Royal Hunting Reserve in 1969. In 1973, the area was gazetted as Royal Shukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve , initially comprising 155 km 2 (60 sq mi), and extended to its present size in the late 1980s. [ 3 ]
25.4% of Nepal's land area, or about 36,360 km 2 (14,039 sq mi) is covered with forest according to FAO figures from 2005. FAO estimates that around 9.6% of Nepal's forest cover consists of primary forest which is relatively intact. About 12.1% Nepal's forest is classified as protected while about 21.4% is conserved according to FAO.
Gaurishankar Conservation Area is a protected area in the Himalayas of Nepal that was established in January 2010, covering 2,179 km 2 (841 sq mi) in the Ramechhap, Dolakha and Sindhupalchok districts and encompassing 22 Village Development Committees. It is contiguous with Tibet in the north and a part of the Sacred Himalayan Landscape.
The area has always been an important water catchment area, supplying the Kathmandu Valley with several hundred thousand cubic liter of water daily. In 1976, the area was established as a protected watershed and wildlife reserve. In 2002, it was gazetted as Shivapuri National Park, initially covering 144 km 2 (56 sq mi). [1]