Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Acute toxicity is distinguished from chronic toxicity, which describes the adverse health effects from repeated exposures, often at lower levels, to a substance over a longer time period (months or years). It is widely considered unethical to use humans as test subjects for acute (or chronic) toxicity research.
This type of toxicity test uses organisms in their most sensitive life stages, usually during times of early reproduction and growth, but not juveniles. [3] The MATC is the highest concentration that should not cause chronic effects, however, for regulatory purposes, a maximum concentration to protect against acute effects must exist as well.
Additionally, chronic toxicity tests tend to require significantly more attention and resources than acute tests which makes them much less feasible for basing decisions off of in a timely manner. The need for development of more advanced statistical methods, and uniformity in using these methods by regulators has been made apparent in literature.
U.S. Army Public Health Center Toxicology Lab technician assessing samples. Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.
From the 1940s to the 1960s, animal bioassays were primarily used to test the toxicity and safety of drugs, food additives, and pesticides. [11] Beginning in the late 1960s and 1970s, reliance on bioassays increased as public concern for occupational and environmental hazards increased. [11]
Up-and-down procedure (or method) for toxicology tests in medicine is an alternative to the LD 50 test, in which animals are used for acute toxicity testing. [1] [2] It requires fewer animals to achieve similar accuracy as the LD 50 test because animals are dosed one at a time. [3]
The Draize test is an acute toxicity test devised in 1944 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxicologists John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines. Initially used for testing cosmetics, the procedure involves applying 0.5 mL or 0.5 g of a test substance to the eye or skin of a restrained, conscious animal, and then leaving it for a set amount of time before rinsing it out and recording its effects.
Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test 211: Daphnia magna Reproduction Test 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages 213: Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test 214: Honeybees, Acute Contact Toxicity Test 215: Fish, Juvenile Growth Test 216: Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test 217: Soil Microorganisms: Carbon ...