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Self-expression values are part of a core value dimension in the modernization process. [1] Self-expression is a cluster of values that include social tolerance , life satisfaction , public expression and an aspiration to liberty.
The second dimension, self-enhancement versus self-transcendence, contrasts self-focused interests with values oriented toward the welfare of others. [1] Although the theory distinguishes ten values, the borders between the motivators are artificial and one value flows into the next, which can be seen by the following shared motivational emphases:
Additionally, while positive self-image is a shared characteristic of narcissism and self-esteem, narcissistic self-appraisals are exaggerated, whereas in non-narcissistic self-esteem, positive views of the self compared with others are relatively modest.
The second dimension named survival values versus self-expression values represents the transition from industrial society to post-industrial society. [34] Cultures can be distinguished as tight and loose in relation to how much they adhere to social norms and tolerates deviance.
Another definition of spiritual identity is: "A persistent sense of Self that addresses ultimate questions about the nature, purpose, and meaning of life, resulting in behaviors that are consonant with the individual’s core values.
One's self-perception is defined by one's self-concept, self-knowledge, self-esteem, and social self. The self-concept is an internal model that uses self-assessments in order to define one's self-schemas. [17] Changes in self-concept can be measured by spontaneous self-report, where a person is prompted by a question like "Who are you?".
The philosophy of self examines the idea of the self at a conceptual level. Many different ideas on what constitutes self have been proposed, including the self being an activity, the self being independent of the senses, the bundle theory of the self, the self as a narrative center of gravity, and the self as a linguistic or social construct rather than a physical entity.
the capacity to expand self-boundaries intrapersonally (toward greater awareness of one's philosophy, values, and dreams), interpersonally (to relate to others' and one's environment), temporally (to integrate one's past and future in a way that has meaning for the present), and transpersonally (to connect with dimensions beyond the typically ...